“SUSHRUTA’S CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY: CLASSICAL AND MODERN RELEVANCE”
Introduction: Plastic and reconstructive surgery is often perceived as a modern medical innovation, yet its roots extend deep into the history of Ayurveda. The Sushruta Samhita, compiled around 600 BCE, provides extensive descriptions of surgical methods, including rhinoplasty, otoplasty, wound reconstruction, and skin grafting. These contributions not only laid the foundation of plastic surgery but also resonate with modern reconstructive practices. Methods: This review was conducted using a systematic search of Ayurvedic classical texts (Sushruta Samhita, Charaka Samhita), secondary commentaries, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Articles published between 1990 and 2025 were screened. Both classical references and modern comparative studies on surgical principles were included. Exclusion criteria were non-peer-reviewed sources and anecdotal accounts. Results: Sushruta’s pioneering techniques included forehead flap rhinoplasty (nasal reconstruction), repair of torn earlobes, use of medicinal plants for wound healing, and structured training for surgeons. His emphasis on sterilization, pre- and post-operative care, and use of instruments anticipated principles of asepsis and surgical precision. Modern reconstructive surgery continues to apply similar principles, with the forehead flap technique still recognized in contemporary practice. Discussion: Comparing classical Ayurvedic surgical approaches with current reconstructive surgery demonstrates both continuity and innovation. While modern surgery benefits from advanced anesthesia, suturing materials, and imaging, Sushruta’s conceptualization of anatomy, surgical training, and patient preparation highlights his enduring relevance. Gaps remain in integrating Ayurvedic wound management into modern reconstructive protocols. Conclusion: Sushruta’s legacy in plastic and reconstructive surgery is a remarkable blend of classical wisdom and modern applicability. His contributions represent not only the historical foundation of surgery but also an enduring source of inspiration for advancing reconstructive techniques today.
KEYWORDS: Ayurveda, Plastic surgery, Reconstructive surgery, Rhinoplasty, Sushruta