“ROLE OF PUTAPAKA IN EYE HEALTH AND VISION IMPROVEMENT: CLASSICAL INSIGHTS AND MODERN CORRELATIONS”
Introduction: Putapaka, one of the specialized procedures under Netra Kriyakalpa (local ocular therapies), has been highlighted in the Sushruta Samhita and other Ayurvedic classics for its role in restoring ocular health and enhancing vision. Unlike Tarpana, which focuses on nourishment, Putapaka is designed for purification and rejuvenation of ocular tissues. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using Ayurvedic classical texts (Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya, and commentaries), modern ophthalmology references, and research databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Studies focusing on ocular therapies, traditional eye care practices, and pharmacological validation of herbal components used in Putapaka were included. Results: Classical texts describe three types of Putapaka—Snigdha Putapaka (unctuous), Lekhana Putapaka (scraping), and Ropana Putapaka (healing). These are indicated for conditions such as ocular fatigue, diminished visual acuity, foreign body sensation, and early degenerative disorders. Modern parallels can be drawn with lubricating therapy, anti-inflammatory treatment, and antioxidant support for ocular surface health. Clinical studies suggest that medicated ghee and herbal decoctions used in Putapaka exhibit antimicrobial, antioxidant, and wound-healing properties, supporting corneal and retinal health. Discussion: Putapaka bridges the gap between classical ocular rejuvenation and modern therapeutic strategies. Its emphasis on balancing doshas, detoxification, and providing ocular nutrition resonates with modern approaches in ocular surface disease, refractive errors, and age-related degeneration. However, robust clinical validation, standardization of formulations, and integration with current ophthalmic care remain key challenges. Conclusion: Putapaka offers a holistic therapeutic approach to eye health, with potential applications in modern ophthalmology for ocular surface disorders, fatigue, and vision enhancement. Future clinical studies and pharmacological validations are needed to substantiate its therapeutic role.
KEYWORDS: Ayurveda, Netra Kriyakalpa, ocular surface health, Putapaka, vision improvement