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Introduction: Ocular disorders have been a major concern since ancient times, significantly affecting quality of life. Ayurveda, the traditional Indian system of medicine, has provided detailed descriptions of ocular health and its management. Among the therapeutic measures, Anjana (collyrium) holds a unique place for the prevention and management of Netra Roga (eye diseases). Classical texts such as Sushruta Samhita and Ashtanga Hridaya elaborate on types, formulations, and indications of Anjana. Methods: This review systematically analyzed Ayurvedic classical texts, modern pharmacological evidence, and clinical research. Databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched using terms “Anjana,” “Ayurveda collyrium,” “ocular therapeutics,” and “Ayurvedic ophthalmology.” Articles published between 2000–2025 were considered, alongside relevant Sanskrit commentaries. Inclusion criteria focused on studies related to ocular benefits of Anjana, traditional formulations, and modern pharmacological validation. Results: Anjana is classified into Lekhana (scraping), Ropana (healing), and Prasadana (clarifying). Formulations such as Sauviranjana, Rasanjana, and Eladi Anjana are indicated in various conditions like Abhishyanda (conjunctivitis), Timira (refractive errors), and Arma (pterygium). Modern validation has shown antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and wound-healing properties of many ingredients like Haridra, Yashtimadhu, and Triphala. Clinical trials suggest Anjana promotes symptomatic relief in chronic conjunctivitis, computer vision syndrome, and dry eye disease. Discussion: Classical principles of Anjana resonate with modern pharmacological findings, bridging tradition with science. However, more standardized clinical studies, safety evaluations, and formulation optimization are necessary. Conclusion: Anjana remains a significant Ayurvedic intervention in ocular therapeutics, offering holistic management for eye health. Future translational research can establish its role as a complementary therapy in ophthalmology.

KEYWORDS: Anjana, Ayurveda, Collyrium, Netra Roga, Ocular therapeutics