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Introduction: Ophthalmic diseases (Netra Roga) are described extensively in Ayurveda, particularly in the Sushruta Samhita and other classical texts, which outline detailed nosology, pathogenesis, and treatment modalities. Modern ophthalmology, through advances in diagnostics and surgical techniques, has revolutionized eye care. However, there is growing interest in integrative approaches that combine classical Ayurvedic wisdom with evidence-based modern therapies. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using Ayurvedic classical texts (Sushruta Samhita, Charaka Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya), contemporary Ayurvedic commentaries, and electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, AYUSH Research Portal). Studies published between 2000 and 2024 were included. Inclusion criteria were clinical trials, experimental studies, and reviews on Ayurvedic ophthalmology and modern eye care. Exclusion criteria included anecdotal reports, non-peer-reviewed articles, and studies not directly related to Netra Roga. Results: Ayurveda describes over 70 types of Netra Rogas, classified under Sandhigata, Vartmagata, Shuklagata, Krishnagata,   Drishtigata, and Sarvagata disorders. Classical management includes Snehana, Swedana, Tarpana, Putapaka, Anjana, Nasya, and surgical interventions such as Bhedana, Lekhana, and Kshara karma. Modern parallels are evident in cataract (Timira-Lingnasha), trachoma (Abhishyanda), glaucoma (Adhimantha), and diabetic retinopathy (Madhumehajanya Timira). Clinical studies suggest efficacy of Ayurvedic formulations (e.g., Triphala, Yashtimadhu, and Tarpana procedures) in improving visual acuity and reducing ocular fatigue. Integrative approaches demonstrate potential in chronic eye diseases where modern therapy is limited. Discussion: Comparative evaluation reveals significant overlaps in pathophysiology and management principles. While Ayurveda emphasizes dosha-samyata and rejuvenation of ocular tissues, modern ophthalmology focuses on anatomical and physiological correction. Future prospects include integrative models, large-scale clinical validation, and development of standardized formulations.

KEYWORDS: Ayurveda, Netra Roga, Ophthalmology, Ocular Therapy, Sushruta