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Introduction: Timira, one of the prime Netra Roga (ocular diseases) described in Ayurveda, is considered the early stage of ocular disorders progressing towards blindness if untreated. It broadly correlates with refractive errors in modern ophthalmology, such as myopia, hypermetropia, and presbyopia. With the rising incidence of refractive errors globally, particularly among children and young adults, exploring traditional Ayurvedic management strategies has become clinically relevant. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was carried out across Ayurvedic classical texts (Sushruta Samhita, Charaka Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya), contemporary commentaries, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Clinical trials, observational studies, and review articles published in English between 2000–2024 were included. Both Ayurvedic interventions (Snehana, Swedana, Nasya, Netra Tarpana, Chakshushya Rasayana) and modern ophthalmological approaches were reviewed. Results: Timira is described as a progressive disease involving doshic vitiation, particularly of Vata and Pitta, leading to impairment of Drishti. Classical management emphasizes Shodhana (biopurification), Shamana (palliative therapies), and Rasayana (rejuvenative therapies). Netra Tarpana with Ghrita-based formulations, Anjana (collyrium), and Nasya are highlighted for strengthening ocular tissues. Recent clinical studies have reported improvement in visual acuity, reduction in asthenopic symptoms, and stabilization of disease progression with Ayurvedic therapies. Comparative modern evidence suggests parallel mechanisms through ocular lubrication, antioxidant activity, and neuroprotective effects. Discussion: Ayurveda offers a holistic model of Timira management integrating lifestyle, diet, ocular therapies, and Rasayana formulations. While modern ophthalmology provides corrective interventions like spectacles, contact lenses, and refractive surgery, Ayurveda emphasizes preventive and restorative approaches. More rigorous, multicentric clinical trials are needed to establish standardized protocols and integration into mainstream ophthalmic care.

KEYWORDS: Ayurveda, Netra Roga, Rasayana, Refractive errors, Timira